The Bitcoin Atlas

Mining Hardware

From Satoshi's CPU to liquid-cooled ASICs — 55 machines that secured the network.

Efficiency Timeline

Joules per terahash (J/TH) on a log scale — lower is better. From Satoshi's CPU at 9.3B J/TH to 15.0 J/TH today.

Total improvement
619M×
Hover or click a point to explore hardware
Bitcoin mining efficiency from 2009 to 202510.01001K10K100K1.0M10.0M100.0M1.0B200920112013201520172019202120232025Release yearJ/TH (log) ↓ betterCPUGPU1st ASICS9S21 Pro
CPU
GPU
FPGA
ASIC
cpu

CPU Mining

Bitcoin's original mining method — any computer could mine

0.007 MH/s65W
January 3, 2009
gpu

AMD Radeon HD 5970

The GPU that launched the Bitcoin mining arms race

650 MH/s300W
November 18, 2009
fpga

Icarus FPGA

The FPGA board that launched Canaan's founder

380 MH/s19W
November 9, 2011
gpu

AMD Radeon HD 7970

The last great Bitcoin GPU before ASICs

675 MH/s300W
January 9, 2012
fpga

ZTEX USB-FPGA 1.15y

Quad-FPGA USB cluster board

860 MH/s39W
April 1, 2012
fpga

BitForce SHA256 Single

BFL's flagship FPGA before the ASIC pivot

832 MH/s80W
June 1, 2012
asic

Avalon ASIC (Avalon 1)

The world's first commercial Bitcoin ASIC

66 GH/s600W
January 30, 2013
asic

Butterfly Labs Jalapeño

Infamous preorder era poster child

5 GH/s30W
June 1, 2013
asic

Avalon ASIC 2 (Avalon 2)

Second-gen Avalon refined the first commercial ASIC

82 GH/s850W
August 1, 2013
asic

KnCMiner Jupiter

Swedish ASIC that briefly challenged Bitmain

550 GH/s1000W
October 1, 2013
asic

Antminer S1

Bitmain's first ASIC — launched the industrial mining era

180 GH/s360W
November 1, 2013
asic

CoinTerra TerraMiner IV

Ambitious 1.6 TH/s rig that went bankrupt

1.6 TH/s1100W
February 1, 2014
asic

Antminer S2

Bitmain's first terahash miner

1 TH/s450W
April 1, 2014
asic

Antminer S3

Bitmain's volume seller of the 2014 cycle

441 GH/s367W
July 1, 2014
asic

Antminer S4

Doubled hashrate in the 2014 scaling race

2 TH/s1380W
August 1, 2014
asic

Antminer S5

First terahash Antminer in a compact form factor

1.155 TH/s590W
December 1, 2014
asic

Antminer S7

The workhorse of the 2016 halving cycle

4.73 TH/s1293W
August 1, 2015
asic

Antminer S9

The most iconic Bitcoin miner ever made

13.5 TH/s1323W
June 1, 2016
asic

Antminer R4

The home miner — designed to run quietly in a living room

8.6 TH/s845W
August 1, 2016
asic

AvalonMiner 741

Canaan's comeback during the 2017 bull run

7.3 TH/s1150W
November 1, 2017
asic

WhatsMiner M3

MicroBT's first serious Bitcoin ASIC

12 TH/s2100W
December 1, 2017
asic

Halong DragonMint T1

Blockstream-backed challenger to Bitmain

16 TH/s1480W
April 1, 2018
asic

Antminer S11

Pre-7nm workhorse of late 2018

20.5 TH/s1530W
September 1, 2018
asic

WhatsMiner M10

MicroBT's breakout — Bitmain's first real rival

33 TH/s2200W
October 1, 2018
asic

Antminer S15

7nm leap before the 2018 bear market bottom

28 TH/s1596W
November 1, 2018
asic

Bitfury T4 BlockBox

Immersion-cooled industrial mining module

80 TH/s3200W
March 1, 2019
asic

Antminer S17 Pro

7nm chip breakthrough for Bitmain

53 TH/s2094W
April 1, 2019
asic

Innosilicon T3+

Multi-algorithm chip designer's Bitcoin entry

57 TH/s3300W
May 1, 2019
asic

WhatsMiner M21S

MicroBT's S17-era volume seller

56 TH/s3360W
June 1, 2019
asic

AvalonMiner 1066

Canaan's S17-class competitor

50 TH/s3250W
June 1, 2019
asic

WhatsMiner M20S

Closed the gap on S17-era Bitmain

68 TH/s3360W
August 1, 2019
asic

Ebang Ebit E12+

Chinese ASIC vendor during the diversification wave

50 TH/s2500W
September 1, 2019
asic

StrongU STU-U8 Pro

Niche ASIC vendor at S17-era specs

66 TH/s2880W
November 1, 2019
asic

Antminer S19 Pro

Post-China-ban workhorse miner

110 TH/s3250W
May 1, 2020
asic

WhatsMiner M30S++

S19-class rival that powered the hashrate recovery

112 TH/s3472W
July 1, 2020
asic

Antminer T19

Budget S19 for cost-conscious farms

84 TH/s3150W
August 1, 2020
asic

AvalonMiner 1246

Canaan's S19-era competitor

90 TH/s3420W
October 1, 2020
asic

WhatsMiner M31S+

Bridged the gap between M30 and M50 generations

76 TH/s3400W
November 1, 2020
asic

Antminer S19j Pro

The China-exodus deployment standard

104 TH/s3068W
June 1, 2021
asic

Antminer S19 Pro+ Hydro

Liquid cooling meets S19-class hashrate

184 TH/s5420W
March 1, 2022
asic

Intel Blockscale ASIC 1000

Intel's failed foray into Bitcoin mining

0.58 TH/s3600W
April 1, 2022
asic

Antminer S19 XP

Sub-22 J/TH efficiency breakthrough

140 TH/s3010W
July 1, 2022
asic

WhatsMiner M50S++

Efficiency leader of the pre-halving generation

148 TH/s3276W
August 1, 2022
asic

Bitaxe

Open-source solo mining revolution

0.5 TH/s12W
June 1, 2023
asic

AvalonMiner 1346

Canaan's S19 XP-class comeback

130 TH/s3300W
June 1, 2023
asic

Avalon Nano 3

Plug-and-play home miner from a major manufacturer

4 TH/s140W
August 1, 2023
asic

Antminer S21

Current-generation efficiency leader

200 TH/s3500W
September 1, 2023
asic

Antminer T21

Cost-optimized pre-halving flagship

190 TH/s3610W
October 1, 2023
asic

NerdQaxe

Community-driven home mining at scale

2.4 TH/s55W
March 1, 2024
asic

Antminer S21 Pro

Post-halving flagship at 15 J/TH

234 TH/s3510W
April 1, 2024
asic

WhatsMiner M60S++

Current-gen rival to the S21

206 TH/s3441W
May 1, 2024
asic

Antminer S21 Hydro

Liquid-cooled megahash for industrial farms

335 TH/s5360W
June 1, 2024
asic

Auradine AT2860

American-made ASIC for the post-China era

270 TH/s4050W
August 1, 2024
asic

SealMiner A2

Bitdeer's in-house ASIC enters the market

226 TH/s3616W
September 1, 2024
asic

WhatsMiner M66S++

Latest MicroBT flagship pushing past 350 TH/s

356 TH/s5346W
March 1, 2025